[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.decus.sk\/od-pisania-po-kubansku-revoluciu\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.decus.sk\/od-pisania-po-kubansku-revoluciu\/","headline":"Od p\u00edsania po kub\u00e1nsku revol\u00faciu","name":"Od p\u00edsania po kub\u00e1nsku revol\u00faciu","description":"Detstvo Jos\u00e9 Mart\u00ed sa narodil 28. janu\u00e1ra 1853 v\u00a0Havane. Oproti svojim vy\u0161\u0161ie zmienen\u00fdm kolegom zo strednej\u00a0Eur\u00f3py bol o\u00a0nejak\u00fd ten rok mlad\u0161\u00ed, av\u0161ak svojou l\u00e1skou k\u00a0po\u00e9zii ich smelo dohnal. U\u017e ako…","datePublished":"2017-06-24","dateModified":"2017-06-24","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.decus.sk\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.decus.sk\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/188853cc08cfc4af3f5ef42e51d7aa754653be0300e41daf30a10471d44d4592?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/188853cc08cfc4af3f5ef42e51d7aa754653be0300e41daf30a10471d44d4592?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"decus.sk","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.decus.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a281996_w16476_t1503580954.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.decus.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a281996_w16476_t1503580954.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.decus.sk\/od-pisania-po-kubansku-revoluciu\/","wordCount":423,"articleBody":"DetstvoJos\u00e9 Mart\u00ed sa narodil 28. janu\u00e1ra 1853 v\u00a0Havane. Oproti svojim vy\u0161\u0161ie zmienen\u00fdm kolegom zo strednej\u00a0Eur\u00f3py bol o\u00a0nejak\u00fd ten rok mlad\u0161\u00ed, av\u0161ak svojou l\u00e1skou k\u00a0po\u00e9zii ich smelo dohnal. U\u017e ako 15-ro\u010dn\u00fd vydal svoje prv\u00e9 b\u00e1sne a\u00a0o\u00a0rok nato zalo\u017eil vlastn\u00e9 noviny La Patria Libre (Slobodn\u00e1 vlas\u0165). Pr\u00e1ve v\u00a0nich vy\u0161la b\u00e1se\u0148 Abdala, ktor\u00e1 popisuje oslobodenie imagin\u00e1rnej krajiny. Za svoju revolu\u010dn\u00fa povahu si po\u010das desa\u0165ro\u010dnej vojny (1868 \u2013 1878) zasl\u00fa\u017eil 6 mesiacov n\u00faten\u00fdch prac\u00ed a\u00a0nesk\u00f4r aj deport\u00e1ciu do \u0160panielska, v\u00a0ktorom z\u00edskal diplomy z\u00a0pr\u00e1va, filozofie a\u00a0literat\u00fary.Cestovate\u013e\u0160panielsko, Franc\u00fazsko, Anglicko, Guatemala at\u010f. Mart\u00ed pre\u017eil \u010das\u0165 svojho \u017eivota aj na cest\u00e1ch, kde sa popri po\u00e9zii a\u00a0publicistike stihol venova\u0165 aj u\u010dite\u013estvu \u010di pr\u00e1vu. V\u00a0Mexiku sa stretol so svojou bud\u00facou \u017eenou Carmen a po\u010das pobytu vo Venezuele zalo\u017eil \u010dasopis Revista Venezolana, ktor\u00e9mu v\u0161ak stihli vyjs\u0165 len dve \u010d\u00edsla pred t\u00fdm, ne\u017e bol vyhnan\u00fd do New Yorku.80. roky v New YorkuNew York sa stal pre Mart\u00edho politick\u00fa kari\u00e9ru k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm. Tu sa za\u010dal naplno venova\u0165 svojmu snu a\u00a0hlavnou t\u00e9mou jeho prac\u00ed sa tak stala nez\u00e1vislos\u0165 Kuby. Jeho b\u00e1sne a\u00a0eseje vych\u00e1dzali v\u00a0anglickom aj \u0161panielskom jazyku a\u00a0mal tie\u017e vlastn\u00fd st\u013apec v\u00a0novin\u00e1ch La Naci\u00f3n, ktor\u00e9 vych\u00e1dzali v\u00a0Argent\u00edne, a Opini\u00f3n Nacional z\u00a0Venezuely. Pre deti zalo\u017eil \u010dasopis La edad de oro (Zlat\u00fd vek).Nez\u00e1vislos\u0165 KubyV\u00a0roku 1892 sa stal jedn\u00fdm zo zakladaj\u00facich \u010dlenov a\u00a0prv\u00fdm z\u00e1stupcom Kub\u00e1nskej revolu\u010dnej strany. Spolu s\u00a0b\u00fdval\u00fdmi velite\u013emi arm\u00e1d\u00a0M\u00e1ximom G\u00f3mezom a\u00a0Antoniom Maceom vymysleli pl\u00e1n inv\u00e1zie na Kubu, ktor\u00fd realizovali\u00a0o\u00a0tri roky nesk\u00f4r, ke\u010f vypl\u00e1vali z\u00a0New Yorku. Po\u010das zast\u00e1vky v\u00a0Dominik\u00e1nskej republike Mart\u00ed sformuloval zn\u00e1my dokument Manifest z\u00a0Monte Cristi, v\u00a0ktorom predstavil idey, d\u00f4vody a\u00a0ciele vojny za nez\u00e1vislos\u0165. K\u00a0vylodeniu do\u0161lo v\u00a0apr\u00edli 1895. Mart\u00ed vydr\u017eal na bojovom poli viac ako mesiac, k\u00fdm nebol 19. m\u00e1ja 1895 zastrelen\u00fd pri Dos R\u00edos.Jeho pr\u00edbeh in\u0161piroval o\u00a0nieko\u013eko desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed nesk\u00f4r \u010fal\u0161\u00edch revolucion\u00e1rov na \u010dele s\u00a0Fidelom Castrom a\u00a0Che Guevarom. Ver\u0161e zo zbierky b\u00e1sn\u00ed Versos Sencillos boli zakomponovan\u00e9 do zn\u00e1mej vlasteneckej piesne Guantanamera.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                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